National Football League

The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference.

The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference (NFC) and the American Football Conference (AFC). The NFL is one of the four major professional sports leagues in North America, and the highest professional level of American football in the world.The NFL's 17-week regular season runs from early September to late December, with each team playing 16 games and having one bye week. Following the conclusion of the regular season, six teams from each conference (four division winners and two wild card teams) advance to the playoffs, a single-elimination tournament culminating in the Super Bowl, which is usually held in the first Sunday in February, and is played between the champions of the NFC and AFC.

The NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association (APFA) before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League (AFL) in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season; the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance (67,591) of any professional sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. The Super Bowl is among the biggest club sporting events in the world.The individual Super Bowl games account for many of the most watched television programs in American history, all occupying the Nielsen's Top 5 tally of the all-time most watched U.S. television broadcasts by 2015.The NFL's executive officer is the commissioner, who has broad authority in governing the league. The players in the league belong to the National Football League Players Association.

The team with the most NFL championships is the Green Bay Packers with thirteen (nine NFL titles before the Super Bowl era, and four Super Bowl championships afterwards); the teams with the most Super Bowl championships are the New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers, each with six. The current NFL champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Los Angeles Rams in Super Bowl LIII for their sixth Super Bowl championship.

Founding and history

On August 20, 1920, a meeting was held by representatives of the Akron Pros, Canton Bulldogs, Cleveland Indians, and Dayton Triangles at the Jordan and Hupmobile auto showroom in Canton, Ohio. This meeting resulted in the formation of the American Professional Football Conference (APFC), a group who, according to the Canton Evening Repository, intended to "raise the standard of professional football in every way possible, to eliminate bidding for players between rival clubs and to secure cooperation in the formation of schedules.

Another meeting was held on September 17, 1920 with representatives from teams from four states: Akron, Canton, Cleveland, and Dayton from Ohio; the Hammond Pros and Muncie Flyers from Indiana; the Rochester Jeffersons from New York; and the Rock Island Independents, Decatur Staleys, and Racine (Chicago) Cardinals from Illinois.The league was renamed to the American Professional Football Association (APFA).The league elected Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams (the Buffalo All-Americans, Chicago Tigers, Columbus Panhandles, and Detroit Heralds joined the league during the year). The Massillon Tigers from Massillon, Ohio was also at the September 17 meeting, but did not field a team in 1920. Only two of these teams,the Decatur Staleys (now the Chicago Bears) and the Chicago Cardinals (now the Arizona Cardinals), remain.

The Akron Pros won the first APFA (NFL) Championship.

Although the league did not maintain official standings for its 1920 inaugural season and teams played schedules that included non-league opponents, the APFA awarded the Akron Pros the championship by virtue of their The first event occurred on September 26, 1920 when the Rock Island Independents defeated the non-league St. Paul Ideals 48–0 at Douglas Park.On October 3, 1920, the first full week of league play occurred.The following season resulted in the Chicago Staleys controversially winning the title over the Buffalo All-Americans.On June 24, 1922, the APFA changed its name to the National Football League (NFL).

In 1932, the season ended with the Chicago Bears and the Portsmouth Spartans (6–1–4) tied for first in the league standings.At the time, teams were ranked on a single table and the team with the highest winning percentage (not including ties, which were not counted towards the standings) at the end of the season was declared the champion; the only tiebreaker was that in the event of a tie, if two teams played twice in a season, the result of the second game determined the title (the source of the 1921 controversy). This method had been used since the league's creation in 1920, but no situation had been encountered where two teams were tied for first. The league quickly determined that a playoff game between Chicago and Portsmouth was needed to decide the league's champion. The teams were originally scheduled to play the playoff game, officially a regular season game that would count towards the regular season standings, at Wrigley Field in Chicago, but a combination of heavy snow and extreme cold forced the game to be moved indoors to Chicago Stadium, which did not have a regulation-size football field. Playing with altered rules to accommodate the smaller playing field, the Bears won the game 9–0 and thus won the championship. Fan interest in the de facto championship game led the NFL, beginning in 1933, to split into two divisions with a championship game to be played between the division champions.[20] The 1934 season also marked the first of 12 seasons in which African Americans were absent from the league. The de facto ban was rescinded in 1946, following public pressure and coinciding with the removal of a similar ban in Major League Baseball.

The NFL was always the foremost professional football league in the United States; it nevertheless faced a large number of rival professional leagues through the 1930s and 1940s. Rival leagues included at least three separate American Football Leagues and the All-America Football Conference (AAFC), on top of various regional leagues of varying caliber. Three NFL teams trace their histories to these rival leagues, including the Los Angeles Rams (who came from a 1936 iteration of the American Football League), the Cleveland Browns and San Francisco 49ers (the last two of which came from the AAFC). By the 1950s, the NFL had an effective monopoly on professional football in the United States; its only competition in North America was the professional Canadian football circuit, which formally became the Canadian Football League (CFL) in 1958. With Canadian football being a different football code than the American game, the CFL established a niche market in Canada and still survives as an independent league.

A new professional league, the fourth American Football League (AFL), began play in 1960. The upstart AFL began to challenge the established NFL in popularity, gaining lucrative television contracts and engaging in a bidding war with the NFL for free agents and draft picks. The two leagues announced a merger on June 8, 1966, to take full effect in 1970. In the meantime, the leagues would hold a common draft and championship game. The game, the Super Bowl, was held four times before the merger, with the NFL winning Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II, and the AFL winning Super Bowl III and Super Bowl IV.After the league merged, it was reorganized into two conferences: the National Football Conference (NFC), consisting of most of the pre-merger NFL teams, and the American Football Conference (AFC), consisting of all of the AFL teams as well as three pre-merger NFL teams.

Today, the NFL is considered[clarification needed] the most popular sports league in North America; much of its growth is attributed to former Commissioner Pete Rozelle, who led the league from 1960 to 1989. Overall annual attendance increased from three million at the beginning of his tenure to seventeen million by the end of his tenure, and 400 million global viewers watched 1989's Super Bowl XXIII.The NFL established NFL Properties in 1963. The league's licensing wing, NFL Properties earns the league billions of dollars annually; Rozelle's tenure also marked the creation of NFL Charities and a national partnership with United Way.Paul Tagliabue was elected as commissioner to succeed Rozelle; his seventeen-year tenure, which ended in 2006, was marked by large increases in television contracts and the addition of four expansion teams, as well as the introduction of league initiatives to increase the number of minorities in league and team management roles.The league's current Commissioner, Roger Goodell, has focused on reducing the number of illegal hits and making the sport safer, mainly through fining or suspending players who break rules.These actions are among many the NFL is taking to reduce concussions and improve player safety.

Main article: List of National Football League seasons

From 1920 to 1934, the NFL did not have a set number of games for teams to play, instead setting a minimum. The league mandated a 12-game regular season for each team beginning in 1935, later shortening this to 11 games in 1937 and 10 games in 1943, mainly due to World War II. After the war ended, the number of games returned to 11 games in 1946 and to 12 in 1947. The NFL went to a 14-game schedule in 1961, which it retained until switching to the current 16-game schedule in 1978.Proposals to increase the regular season to 18 games have been made, but have been rejected in labor negotiations with the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA).

The NFL operated in a two-conference system from 1933 to 1966, where the champions of each conference would meet in the NFL Championship Game. If two teams tied for the conference lead, they would meet in a one-game playoff to determine the conference champion. In 1967, the NFL expanded from 15 teams to 16 teams. Instead of just evening out the conferences by adding the expansion New Orleans Saints to the seven-member Western Conference, the NFL realigned the conferences and split each into two four-team divisions. The four division champions would meet in the NFL playoffs, a two-round playoff.The NFL also operated the Playoff Bowl (officially the Bert Bell Benefit Bowl) from 1960 to 1969. Effectively a third-place game, pitting the two conference runners-up against each other, the league considers Playoff Bowls to have been exhibitions rather than playoff games. The league discontinued the Playoff Bowl in 1970 due to its perception as a game for losers.

Following the addition of the former AFL teams into the NFL in 1970, the NFL split into two conferences with three divisions each. The expanded league, now with twenty-six teams,would also feature an expanded eight-team playoff, the participants being the three division champions from each conference as well as one 'wild card' team (the team with the best win percentage) from each conference. In 1978, the league added a second wild card team from each conference, bringing the total number of playoff teams to ten, and a further two wild card teams were added in 1990 to bring the total to twelve. When the NFL expanded to 32 teams in 2002, the league realigned, changing the division structure from three divisions in each conference to four divisions in each conference. As each division champion gets a playoff bid, the number of wild card teams from each conference dropped from three to two.

Division	Club	City	Stadium	Capacity	Coordinates	First season	Head coach
American Football Conference
East	Buffalo Bills	Orchard Park, New York	New Era Field	71,608	42.774°N 78.787°W	1960 (AFL), 1970 (NFL)	Sean McDermott
	Miami Dolphins	Miami Gardens, Florida	Hard Rock Stadium	64,767	25.958°N 80.239°W	1966 (AFL), 1970 (NFL)	Brian Flores
	New England Patriots	Foxborough, Massachusetts	Gillette Stadium	65,878	42.091°N 71.264°W	1960 (AFL), 1970 (NFL)	Bill Belichick
	New York Jets	East Rutherford, New Jersey	MetLife Stadium	82,500	40.814°N 74.074°W	1960 (AFL), 1970 (NFL)	Adam Gase
North	Baltimore Ravens	Baltimore, Maryland	M&T Bank Stadium	71,008	39.278°N 76.623°W	1996^[D]	John Harbaugh
	Cincinnati Bengals	Cincinnati, Ohio	Paul Brown Stadium	65,515	39.095°N 84.516°W	1968 (AFL), 1970 (NFL)	Zac Taylor
	Cleveland Browns	Cleveland, Ohio	FirstEnergy Stadium	67,895	41.506°N 81.699°W	1946 (AAFC), 1950 (NFL)	Freddie Kitchens
	Pittsburgh Steelers	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Heinz Field	68,400	40.447°N 80.016°W	1933	Mike Tomlin
South	Houston Texans	Houston, Texas	NRG Stadium	71,995	29.685°N 95.411°W	2002	Bill O'Brien
	Indianapolis Colts	Indianapolis, Indiana	Lucas Oil Stadium	67,000	39.760°N 86.164°W	1953	Frank Reich
	Jacksonville Jaguars	Jacksonville, Florida	TIAA Bank Field	67,814	30.324°N 81.638°W	1995	Doug Marrone
	Tennessee Titans	Nashville, Tennessee	Nissan Stadium	69,143	36.166°N 86.771°W	1960 (AFL), 1970 (NFL)	Mike Vrabel
West	Denver Broncos	Denver, Colorado	Broncos Stadium at Mile High	76,125	39.744°N 105.020°W	1960 (AFL), 1970 (NFL)	Vic Fangio
	Kansas City Chiefs	Kansas City, Missouri	Arrowhead Stadium	76,416	39.049°N 94.484°W	1960 (AFL), 1970 (NFL)	Andy Reid
	Los Angeles Chargers	Carson, California	Dignity Health Sports Park	27,000	33.864°N 118.261°W	1960 (AFL), 1970 (NFL)	Anthony Lynn
	Oakland Raiders	Oakland, California	Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum	56,057	37.752°N 122.201°W	1960 (AFL), 1970 (NFL)	Jon Gruden
National Football Conference
East	Dallas Cowboys	Arlington, Texas	AT&T Stadium	80,000	32.748°N 97.093°W	1960	Jason Garrett
	New York Giants	East Rutherford, New Jersey	MetLife Stadium	82,500	40.814°N 74.074°W	1925	Pat Shurmur
	Philadelphia Eagles	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Lincoln Financial Field	69,176	39.901°N 75.168°W	1933	Doug Pederson
	Washington Redskins	Landover, Maryland	FedExField	82,000	38.908°N 76.864°W	1932	Jay Gruden
North	Chicago Bears	Chicago, Illinois	Soldier Field	61,500	41.863°N 87.617°W	1920	Matt Nagy
	Detroit Lions	Detroit, Michigan	Ford Field	65,000	42.340°N 83.046°W	1930	Matt Patricia
	Green Bay Packers	Green Bay, Wisconsin	Lambeau Field	81,441	44.501°N 88.062°W	1921	Matt LaFleur
	Minnesota Vikings	Minneapolis, Minnesota	U.S. Bank Stadium	66,860	44.974°N 93.258°W	1961	Mike Zimmer
South	Atlanta Falcons	Atlanta, Georgia	Mercedes-Benz Stadium	71,000	33.755°N 84.401°W	1966	Dan Quinn
	Carolina Panthers	Charlotte, North Carolina	Bank of America Stadium	75,523	35.226°N 80.853°W	1995	Ron Rivera
	New Orleans Saints	New Orleans, Louisiana	Mercedes-Benz Superdome	73,208	29.951°N 90.081°W	1967	Sean Payton
	Tampa Bay Buccaneers	Tampa, Florida	Raymond James Stadium	65,618	27.976°N 82.503°W	1976	Bruce Arians
West	Arizona Cardinals	Glendale, Arizona	State Farm Stadium	63,400	33.528°N 112.263°W	1920	Kliff Kingsbury
	Los Angeles Rams	Los Angeles, California	Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum	78,500	34.014°N 118.288°W	1936 (Second AFL), 1937 (NFL)	Sean McVay
	San Francisco 49ers	Santa Clara, California	Levi's Stadium	68,500	37.403°N 121.970°W	1946 (AAFC), 1950 (NFL)	Kyle Shanahan
	Seattle Seahawks	Seattle, Washington	CenturyLink Field	69,000	47.595°N 122.332°W	1976	Pete Carroll